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<h2>output.</h2> 				

<p>LOBSTER generates a 'message' and an 'orderbook' file for each active 
trading day of a selected ticker. The 'orderbook' file contains the evolution of the limit order book up to the requested number of levels.  The ’message’ file contains indicators for the type of event causing an update of the limit order book in the requested price range. All events are timestamped to seconds after midnight, with decimal precision of at least milliseconds and up to nanoseconds depending on the requested period. 
</p>
<p>Both the 'message' and 'orderbook' files are provided in the .CSV format and can easily be read with any statistical software package.</p>

<p>Below the structure of the message and orderbook file are described in detail.</p>

<h3>message file.</h3>


<div style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:30px;">
<table style="text-align: left; width: 650px; border-collapse:collapse; " border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" align="center"  >
<tbody>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Time (sec)<br></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Event Type<br></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Order ID<br></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Size<br></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Price<br></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;border-top:solid 1px;  text-align: center;">Direction<br></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">34713.685155243<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">1<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">206833312<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">100<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">118600<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">-1<br>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">34714.133632201<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">3<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">206833312<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">100<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">118600<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">-1<br>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p>
<b>variable explanation.</b>
<ul>
	<li>Time: Seconds after midnight with decimal precision of at least milliseconds and up to nanoseconds depending on the period requested</li>
	<li>Event Type: 
		<ul>
			<li> 1: Submission of a new limit order </li>
			<li> 2: Cancellation (partial deletion of a limit order) </li>
			<li> 3: Deletion (total deletion of a limit order) </li>
			<li> 4: Execution of a visible limit order </li>			
			<li> 5: Execution of a hidden limit order</li>
            <li> 6: <a href="http://help.lobsterdata.com/data-documentation/event-type-6">Indicates a cross trade, e.g. auction trade</a></li>
			<li> 7: Trading halt indicator (detailed information below)</li>
		</ul> </li>
	<li> Order ID: Unique order reference number </li>
	<li> Size: Number of shares </li>
	<li> Price: Dollar price times 10000 (i.e. a stock price of $91.14 is given by 911400) </li>
	<li> Direction: 
			<ul>
			    <li>-1: Sell limit order </li>
				<li>1: Buy limit order </li>
				<li>Note: Execution of a sell (buy) limit order corresponds to a buyer (seller) initiated trade, i.e. buy (sell) trade. </li>
			</ul> </li>
</ul>

</p>


<h3>order book file.</h3>

<div style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:30px;">
<table style="text-align: left; width: 650px; border-collapse:collapse;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" align="center" >
<tbody>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Ask<br>Price 1</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Ask<br>Size 1</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Bid<br>Price 1</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Bid<br>Size 1</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Ask<br>Price 2</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Ask<br>Size 2</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Bid<br>Price 2</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Bid<br>Size 2</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;"> <br>...</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">1186600<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">9484<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">118500<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">8800<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">118700<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">22700<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">118400<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">14930<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">...<br>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">1186600<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">9384<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">118500<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">8800<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">118700<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">22700<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">118400<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">14930<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">...<br>
</td>
</tr>


<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
</tr>


</tbody>
</table>
</div>


<p>
<b>variable explanation.</b>
</p>
<ul>	
		
	<li>
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 120px; ">
	Ask Price 1: </span> 
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 150px; ">
	Level 1 ask price </span> 
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 180px; ">
	(best ask price) </span> 
	</li>
	<li>
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 120px; ">
	Ask Size 1: </span> 
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 150px; ">
	Level 1 ask volume </span> 
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 180px; ">
	(best ask volume) </span> 
	</li>	
	<li>
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 120px; ">
	Bid Price 1: </span> 
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 150px; ">
	Level 1 bid price </span> 
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 180px; ">
	(best bid price) </span> 
	</li>
	<li>
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 120px; ">
	Bid Size 1: </span> 
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 150px; ">
	Level 1 bid volume </span> 
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 180px; ">
	(best bid volume) </span> 
	</li>	
	<li>
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 120px; ">
	Ask Price 2: </span> 
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 150px; ">
	Level 2 ask price </span> 
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 180px; ">
	(second best ask price) </span> 
	</li>
	<li>
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 120px; ">
	Ask Size 2: </span> 
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 150px; ">
	Level 2 ask volume</span> 
	<span  style="display: inline-block; width: 180px; ">
	(second best ask volume) </span> 
	</li>
	<li>... </li>
		
</ul>


<h3>further details.</h3>

	<p><b>level.</b></p>
	
	<p>
	The term 'level' refers to occupied price levels. The difference between two levels in the LOBSTER output is not necessarily the minimum tick size.
	</p>		

	<p><b>message and orderbook file.</b></p>
	
	<p>
	The 'message' and 'orderbook' files can be viewed as matrices of size (Nx6) and (Nx(4xNumLevel)), respectively, where N is the number of events in the requested price range and NumLevel is the number of levels requested.</p>		
	<p>The k-th row in the 'message' file describes the limit order event causing the change in the limit order book from line k-1 to line k in the 'orderbook' file. </p>
	<P>Consider the 'message' and 'orderbook' figures above. The limit order deletion (event type 3) in the second line of the 'message' file removes 100 shares from the ask side at price 118600. The change in the 'orderbook' file from line one to two  corresponds to this removal of liquidity. The volume available at the best ask price of 118600 drops from 9484 to 9384 shares.</p>

	<p><b>period available.</b></p>
	<p>The initial period for which limit order books are available covers all trading days on NASDAQ from January 6th 2009 to the day before yesterday. In the future, we aim to increase the available period further into the past.</p>


	<p><b>unoccupied price levels.</b></p>
	<p>When the selected number of levels exceeds the number of levels 
		available, the empty order book positions are filled with dummy 
		information to guarantee a symmetric output. The extra bid 
		and/or ask prices are set to -9999999999 and 9999999999, 
		respectively. The corresponding volumes are set to 0.</p>	
		
	<p><b>trading halts.</b></p>
	
<p>When trading halts, a message of type '7' is written into the 'message' file. The corresponding price and trade direction are set to '-1' and all other properties are set to '0'. 
Should the resume of quoting be indicated by an additional message in NASDAQ's Historical TotalView-ITCH files, another message of type '7' with price '0' is added to the 'message' file. Again, the trade direction is set to '-1' and all other fields are set to '0'.  
When trading resumes a message of type '7' and price '1' (Trade direction '-1' and all other entries '0') is written to the 'message' file. For messages of type '7', the corresponding order book rows contain a duplication of the preceding order book state. </p>
<p>The figure below illustrates the trading halt messages as they appear in the message file.</p>



<div style="margin-top:30px; margin-bottom:30px;">
<table style="text-align: left; width: 650px; border-collapse:collapse; " border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" align="center"  >
<tbody>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Time (sec)<br></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Event Type<br></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Order ID<br></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Size<br></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;border-top:solid 1px; text-align: center;">Price<br></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;border-top:solid 1px;  text-align: center;">Direction<br></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-top:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">34713.685155243<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">7<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">0<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">0<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">-1<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">-1<br>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">34719.193632201<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">7<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">0<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">0<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">0<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">-1<br>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">34801.333638703<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">7<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;text-align: center;">0<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">0<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">1<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">-1<br>
</td>
</tr>


<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;border-bottom:solid 1px;">&#8942;<br>
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<p>To keep the output structure as clean as possible, the reason for the trading halt is not included in the output. 
</p>

	<p><b>other events.</b></p>
	<p>Beyond the usual limit order activities - submissions, cancellations, deletions and executions - NASDAQ's Historical TotalView-ITCH files contain other messages such as net order imbalances indicators. These messages are ignored and skipped by the limit order book reconstruction algorithm, since they do not affect the evolution of the limit order book.</p>

	


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